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Brown v. Board of Education, Excerpt (1954)
“Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. Compulsory school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education to our democratic society. It is required in the performance of our most basic public responsibilities, even service in the armed forces. It is the very foundation of good citizenship. Today it is a principal instrument in awakening the child to cultural values, in preparing him for later professional training, and in helping him to adjust normally to his environment. In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms.”
racial segregation? hisHis main argument more broadly? No I don't I thinkYes i believe they were intertwined because Rock nN' Roll is justhad different types of music It reallyfrom different races mixed together to make Rock N' Roll. I believe that the Brown v. Board decision helped withstop segregation in the desegregation of America.U.S.
Extended Activities (PROJECT):
1. BLUES BIOGRAPHY (Individual or group project): Choose one of the following artists and research his or her life and times: Sam Cooke, B.B. King, W.C. Handy, the Drifters, Thelonious Monk, Muddy Waters, Leadbelly, Billie Holiday, Bessie Smith, Robert Johnson. Display your findings in a scrap book or on a poster board. Indicate important civil rights dates and other national events along with personal achievements and chronological milestones of your chosen artist. Providing a sampling of his or her music would be a nice addition. Present your report to your class.

October 27, 1964.

Extended Activities (PROJECT):
1. BLUES BIOGRAPHY (Individual or group project): Choose one of the following artists and research his or her life and times: Sam Cooke, B.B. King, W.C. Handy, the Drifters, Thelonious Monk, Muddy Waters, Leadbelly, Billie Holiday, Bessie Smith, Robert Johnson. Display your findings in a scrap book or on a poster board. Indicate important civil rights dates and other national events along with personal achievements and chronological milestones of your chosen artist. Providing a sampling of his or her music would be a nice addition. Present your report to your class.

“Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. Compulsory school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education to our democratic society. It is required in the performance of our most basic public responsibilities, even service in the armed forces. It is the very foundation of good citizenship. Today it is a principal instrument in awakening the child to cultural values, in preparing him for later professional training, and in helping him to adjust normally to his environment. In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms.”
1. What is the basic argument Judge Warren makes in the paragraph above? Do you agree with his views on education? How does his statement pertain to racial segregation? his main argument was that education was the most important thing we have. yes it should be equal, everything should be the same for every one. making schools equal for black and white kids every where.
think Rock n Roll is just music.ITmusic It really just helphelped with helping desegregate allthe desegregation of america.America.
Extended Activities (PROJECT):
1. BLUES BIOGRAPHY (Individual or group project): Choose one of the following artists and research his or her life and times: Sam Cooke, B.B. King, W.C. Handy, the Drifters, Thelonious Monk, Muddy Waters, Leadbelly, Billie Holiday, Bessie Smith, Robert Johnson. Display your findings in a scrap book or on a poster board. Indicate important civil rights dates and other national events along with personal achievements and chronological milestones of your chosen artist. Providing a sampling of his or her music would be a nice addition. Present your report to your class.
2. BUSINESS AND SOCIETY: Examine the relationship between the music industry and social change. You may look at Memphis radio stations that introduced “race” music to white audiences, study the history of Sun Records, or the contemporary response to Presley appearing on the Ed Sullivan Show. Some topics to consider are: segregation in Memphis, the impact of music on social change, the role of teenagers in pop culture, the changing nature of race relations in the 1950’s. You may use PowerPoint or an overhead projector to present your findings.
3. MUSICAL HISTORY OF ROCK ‘n’ ROLL: Where did rock’n’roll come from? Presley sang music inspired by gospel, blues, jazz, and country and western. Create a recording for your class that provides samples of these different genres in American history, and end with some samples of Presley’s early music. Provide “liner notes” to accompany your recording, including artist credits, song title, and dates of performance, and an analysis of the influence of each genre on the development of early rock’n’roll and its chronological story.

James Farmer- was a civil rights activist and leader of the American Civil Rights Movement
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.- was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement
Elijah Muhammed- was an African American religious leader, and led the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975
Bobby Seale- is an African-American civil rights activist, who along with Huey P. Newton, co-founded the Black Panthers on October 15, 1966.
Roy Wilkins- was a prominent civil rights activist in the United States from the 1930s to the 1970s
Sit-ins- a form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met.
Freedom Rides- were civil rights activists that rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to test the United States Supreme Court decision Boynton v. Virginia
Rioting- were civil rights activists that rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States to test the United States Supreme Court decision Boynton v. Virginia
Law Suits- is a civil action brought in a court of law in which a plaintiff, a party who claims to have incurred loss as a result of a defendant's actions, demands a legal or equitable remedy
Writing- the activity or skill of marking coherent words on paper and composing text
Marching- walk in a military manner with a regular measured tread
Boycotts- withdraw from commercial or social relations with (a country, organization, or person) as a punishment or protest.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. Freedom Summer was part of the larger Civil Rights Movement of the mid- twentieth century. Why do you think this movement necessary?

SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)- was one of the principal organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.
Stokely Carmichael- was a Trinidadian-American black activist active in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement.
James Farmer- was a civil rights activist and leader of the American Civil Rights Movement
Dr. Martin King Jr.- was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement
Elijah Muhammed-
Bobby Seale-

VOCABULARY:
Disenfranchised, Climax, Conspiracy, Literacy, Segregation, Eulogy, Painstaking, Rhetoric, Reputed, Racism, Civil Rights, , Integrate, JimDisenfranchised- is the revocation of the right of suffrage (the right to vote) of a person or group of people, or rendering a person's vote less effective, or ineffective
Climax- meaning its the point of were the story gets exiting and more alive
Conspiracy- a secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful
Literacy- the ability to read and write.
Segregation- the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart
Eulogy- a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly, typically someone who has just died
Painstaking- done with or employing great care and thoroughness
Rhetoric- the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, esp. the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.
Reputed- the opinion generally held of someone or something; the state of being generally regarded in a particular way
Racism- the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, esp. so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races.
Civil Rights- the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
Integrate- combine (one thing) with another so that they become a whole
Jim Crow Laws, Poll Tax, Literacy Tests, Black Muslims, BPPLaws- were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965.
Poll Tax- a tax levied on every adult, without reference to their income or resources.
Literacy Tests- refers to the government practice of testing the literacy of potential citizens at the federal level, and potential voters at the state level.
Black Muslims- it has been specifically used to refer to African-American organizations that describe themselves as Muslim
BPP (Black Panther Party), COREParty)- was an African-American revolutionary leftist organization. It was active in the United States from 1966 until 1982.
CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), NAACPEquality)- is a U.S. civil rights organization that originally played a pivotal role for African-Americans in the Civil Rights Movement
NAACP (National Association of Colored People), NULPeople)- is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909.
NUL (National Urban League), SCLCLeague)- is a nonpartisan civil rights organization based in New York City that advocates on behalf of African Americans and against racial discrimination in the United States.
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), Stokely Carmichael, James Farmer,Conference)- is an American civil rights organization. SCLC was closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin King, Jr. , Elijah Muhammed, Bobby Seale, Roy Wilkins, Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, Rioting, Law Suits, Writing, Marching, Boycotts
SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)- was one of the principal organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.
Stokely Carmichael- was a Trinidadian-American black activist active in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement.
James Farmer-
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.-
Elijah Muhammed-
Bobby Seale-
Roy Wilkins-
Sit-ins-
Freedom Rides-
Rioting-
Law Suits-
Writing-
Marching-
Boycotts-
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. Freedom Summer was part of the larger Civil Rights Movement of the mid- twentieth century. Why do you think this movement necessary?

VOCABULARY:
Disenfranchised, Climax, Conspiracy, Literacy, Segregation, Eulogy, Painstaking, Rhetoric, Reputed, Racism, Civil Rights, , Integrate, Jim Crow Laws, Poll Tax, Literacy Tests, Black Muslims, BPP (Black Panther Party), CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), NUL (National Urban League), SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), Stokely Carmichael, James Farmer, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , Elijah Muhammed, Bobby Seale, Roy Wilkins, Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, Rioting, Law Suits, Writing, Marching, Boycotts
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. Freedom Summer was part of the larger Civil Rights Movement of the mid- twentieth century. Why do you think this movement necessary?
2. Describe and define Freedom Summer. Why do you think activists decided to focus on registering voters? What other issues could they have chosen to highlight?
3. Mississippi was called the “last frontier” of the Civil Rights Movement. Why? Why do you think it was chosen as the focus of Freedom Summer?
4. One of the aims of the Civil Rights Movement was to overturn the Jim Crow system of the South. What was Jim Crow? Was segregation legal? Discuss.
5. Civil Rights workers tried to help African-Americans in the South register to vote. What were some of the obstacles African-Americans faced when trying to register to vote? Discuss the constitutionality of these obstacles.
6. Who was Medgar Evers? Why was he assassinated? 7. Although white students helped to bring media attention to the Civil Rights
Movement, there were some complications. Discuss the pros and cons of white
students going down South to be a part of Freedom Summer. 8. The Ku Klux Klan targeted Michael Schwerner for assassination. Why? What
did Schwerner do to upset the Klan?
9. Lyndon B. Johnson was president of the United States during Freedom Summer. How did Johnson deal with the events of Freedom Summer?
10. Were you surprised by the violence the Civil Rights Movement provoked? Why do you think the KKK and others reacted so violently? Discuss.
11. Discuss the legacy of Freedom Summer. What were its consequences for American society overall?
ACTIVITIES:
1. Follow this link (http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/oh_freedom/) to the American Radio Works website where you can listen to a three-part special on Freedom Summer and see a slideshow.
2. In small groups, research and review the major events of the Civil Rights Movement leading up to and including the summer of 1964. Create a timeline illustrating the events of Freedom Summer. These timelines can be in Powerpoint format, poster-board, or any other creative medium. Share these projects with the larger class or group.
3. What do your older relatives remember about Freedom Summer and the Civil Rights Movement? Interview older members of your family or your community about their recollections and/or experiences of Freedom Summer and the Civil Rights Movement.
4. Using a medium of your choice, design a memorial for Michael Schwerner, James E. Cheney and Andrew Goodman.
PRIMARY SOURCE EXPLORATIONS:
Excerpt of theVoting Rights Act (1965)
In the wake of the tragic events of Freedom Summer, Congress signed the Voting Rights Act into law on August 6, 1965. After reading the excerpt below, ask students to consider the questions which follow.
AN ACT To enforce the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act shall be known as the "Voting Rights Act of 1965."
SEC. 2. No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color.
1. What does Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act argue? What kind of “qualifications” for or “prerequisites” to voting existed before this act was passed? How do you think it was enforced?
2. Why do you think the Voting Rights Act mentioned the 15th Amendment? (Bonus research: read the text of the 15th Amendment and compare/contrast its provisions with that of the Voting Rights Act.)
Follow this link (http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0621.html#article) for the New York Times June 22, 1964 reporting on the disappearance of Michael Schwerner, James E. Cheney and Andrew Goodman.
Spirituals played a large role in the Civil Rights Movement. Follow this link (http://otter.middlebury.edu:8080/ramgen/amcivmedia/civil_rights_music/sncc_WokeUp. rm) to listen to the members of the Student Non-Violent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC) singing a spiritual.
Follow this link (http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=100) to access the full text of the Voting Rights Act of 1865.
WEBSITES
The History of CORE
http://www.core-online.org/history/history%20opening.htm Images of Hope and Hate http://www.newseum.org/mississippi/
Civl Rights in Mississippi Archive
http://www.lib.usm.edu/~spcol/crda/index.html
The Mississippi Burning Trial
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/price&bowers/price&bowers.htm
AricanAmericans.Com: August 4, 1964: Three civil rights activists found dead
http://www.africanamericans.com/CivilRightsSlaying.htm

Brown v. Board of Education, Excerpt (1954)
“Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. Compulsory school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education to our democratic society. It is required in the performance of our most basic public responsibilities, even service in the armed forces. It is the very foundation of good citizenship. Today it is a principal instrument in awakening the child to cultural values, in preparing him for later professional training, and in helping him to adjust normally to his environment. In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms.”
racial segregation? his main argument was that education was the most important thing we have. yes it should be equal, everything should be the same for every one. making schools equal for black and white kids every where.
2. How more broadly? No I don't I think Rock is just music.IT really just help with helping desegregate all of america.
Extended Activities (PROJECT):
1. BLUES BIOGRAPHY (Individual or group project): Choose one of the following artists and research his or her life and times: Sam Cooke, B.B. King, W.C. Handy, the Drifters, Thelonious Monk, Muddy Waters, Leadbelly, Billie Holiday, Bessie Smith, Robert Johnson. Display your findings in a scrap book or on a poster board. Indicate important civil rights dates and other national events along with personal achievements and chronological milestones of your chosen artist. Providing a sampling of his or her music would be a nice addition. Present your report to your class.