placer mining- is the mining of alluvial deposits for minerals. quartz mining- To mine the rock quartz to get gold. vigilance committee- was a group formed of private citizens to administer law and order where they considered governmental structures to be inadequate. open range- A large are of grazing land without fences or other barriers long drive- High meat prices in eastern cities attracted a variety of entrepreneurs and prompted cattlemen to search for a way to bring them to market. homestead- a smallholding farm with a farmer's residence assimilate- take in (information, ideas, or culture) and understand fully
Section 2
Vocabulary
gross national product- the total value of goods produced and services provided by a country during one year, equal to the gross domestic product plus the net income from foreign investments. entrepreneur- a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so. laissez-faire- a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering. corporation- a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity vertical integration- the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies. horizontal integration- describes a type of ownership and control. monopoly- the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service Marxism- the political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis for the theory and practice of communism. industrial union- is a labor union organizing method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union—regardless of skill or trade—thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations. closed shop- a place of work where membership in a union is a condition for being hired and for continued employment.
SECTION3
nativism- the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants : a deep vein of xenophobia and nativism. tenement- a room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments. politicalmachine- A political machine (or simply machine) is a disciplined political organization graft- 2 Medicine a piece of living tissue that is transplanted surgically.
SECTION 4
individualism- 1 the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant.
SocialDarwinism- the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform. philan- thropy- s the effort or inclination to increase the well-being of humankind
settlement house- an institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community. Americanization- make American in character or nationality :trying to Americanize the immigrant children | [as adj. ] ( Americanized) an Americanized accent.
SECTION 5
volume- 1 a book forming part of a work or series.
populism- a member or adherent of a political party seeking to represent the interests of ordinary people.
inflation- 1 the action of inflating something or the condition of being inflated : the inflation of a balloon | the gross inflation of salaries.
deflation- 1 the action or process of deflating or being deflated : deflation of the illusion that the 1960s were a perpetual party.
graduated income tax-progressive income tax may increase the incentive to produce among ....Using exemptions
poll tax- a tax levied on every adult, without reference to their income or resources.
Vocabulary:
placer mining- is the mining of alluvial deposits for minerals.
quartz mining- To mine the rock quartz to get gold.
vigilance committee- was a group formed of private citizens to administer law and order where they considered governmental structures to be inadequate.
open range- A large are of grazing land without fences or other barriers
long drive- High meat prices in eastern cities attracted a variety of entrepreneurs and prompted cattlemen to search for a way to bring them to market.
homestead- a smallholding farm with a farmer's residence
assimilate- take in (information, ideas, or culture) and understand fully
Section 2
Vocabulary
gross national product- the total value of goods produced and services provided by a country during one year, equal to the gross domestic product plus the net income from foreign investments.
entrepreneur- a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
laissez-faire- a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.
corporation- a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity
vertical integration- the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.
horizontal integration- describes a type of ownership and control.
monopoly- the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service
Marxism- the political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis for the theory and practice of communism.
industrial union- is a labor union organizing method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union—regardless of skill or trade—thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations.
closed shop- a place of work where membership in a union is a condition for being hired and for continued employment.
SECTION 3
nativism- the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants : a deep vein of xenophobia and nativism.
tenement- a room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments.
political machine- A political machine (or simply machine) is a disciplined political organization
graft- 2 Medicine a piece of living tissue that is transplanted surgically.
SECTION 4
individualism- 1 the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant.
Social Darwinism- the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.
philan- thropy- s the effort or inclination to increase the well-being of humankind
settlement house- an institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community.
Americanization- make American in character or nationality :trying to Americanize the immigrant children | [as adj. ] ( Americanized) an Americanized accent.
SECTION 5
volume- 1 a book forming part of a work or series.
populism- a member or adherent of a political party seeking to represent the interests of ordinary people.
inflation- 1 the action of inflating something or the condition of being inflated : the inflation of a balloon | the gross inflation of salaries.
deflation- 1 the action or process of deflating or being deflated : deflation of the illusion that the 1960s were a perpetual party.
graduated income tax-progressive income tax may increase the incentive to produce among ....Using exemptions
poll tax- a tax levied on every adult, without reference to their income or resources.